Singaporeans should brace themselves for an even warmer April and May as the lingering effects of El Nino, a natural climate phenomenon, continue to impact the country’s temperatures. El Nino, characterized by hotter and drier weather in Southeast Asia, is caused by changes in sea surface temperatures and surface winds over the tropical Pacific Ocean.
Although El Nino conditions are weakening and expected to taper off by April or May, experts have warned that Singapore may still experience higher-than-usual temperatures during this period. The heat takes time to transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere, prolonging the effects of El Nino.
May is historically the warmest month in Singapore, with an average daily temperature of 28.6 degrees Celsius, followed by April at 28.2 degrees Celsius and June at 28.5 degrees Celsius.
According to Professor Matthias Roth, a professor of urban climatology at the National University of Singapore, the warmest part of the year coinciding with the lingering effects of El Nino could result in above-average temperatures in the coming months. The increase in air temperatures and Singapore’s high humidity could make outdoor activities from April to June more uncomfortable.
Professor Xie Shang-Ping, an expert in physical oceanography, has also warned of the potential for heat stress caused by high humidity and temperatures. Heat stress can increase the risk of heat-related illnesses such as heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps.
While the effects of El Nino on temperatures tend to lag a few months after changes in sea surface temperatures, it’s important to note that other factors such as wind speed and radiation from the sun also contribute to heat stress levels. Understanding these factors is crucial as they can affect the overall risk of heat-related illnesses.
It is worth noting that El Nino’s impact on temperatures in the region does not solely determine the risk of transboundary haze. Drought, warmth, and wind conditions also play significant roles in haze formation.
Given the anticipated higher temperatures, it is crucial for Singaporeans to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions. Staying hydrated, seeking shade, and reducing outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day are practical measures that can help individuals mitigate the effects of the heat and reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses.
